Guantanamo Bay On Map - Guantánamo Bay is a bay on the southeastern tip of the island of Cuba. It is surrounded by Cuba on three sides and is located in the Cayman Trench in the Caribbean Sea. Guantanamo Bay, commonly known as "Gitmo" or "G-Bay", is a US naval base in Guantanamo Bay.
The United States of America operates a detention and interrogation facility at the base and this detention center has been at the center of a strong human rights controversy for more than a decade and a half.
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The United States established a naval base in Guantanamo Bay in 1898 when it took over Cuba from Spain. In 1903, Cuba and the United States government signed a lease allowing the United States to operate this facility.
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Later in 1934, the United States and Cuba again signed a treaty agreeing that, although Cuba would retain its sovereignty, the United States would exercise full control and administration of the Guantánamo Naval Base.
After the 9/11 attacks in the United States, the government began a "Global War on Terror". President Bush then directed the Secretary of State to establish a detention center in a location (not on US soil) that would allow the US to detain non-US citizens who were considered significant threats and suspected of being involved in terrorist activities.
Detainees at Guantánamo Bay are held at the facility without charge. The US Department of Justice has also ruled that Habeas Corpus petitions (seeking relief from unlawful imprisonment without charge) cannot be considered in the case of Guantánamo detainees.
Later, hundreds of people captured during the war in Afghanistan and detainees from other parts of the world were sent to the different camps: Camp Delta, Camp Echo, Camp Iguana and Camp X-Ray in Guantanamo Bay.
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Reports of alarming human rights violations, inhumane living conditions and news of torture (of detainees) have surfaced from time to time. The United States has faced many problems because of the maintenance of this detention and interrogation center, but they have yet to be closed.
More than hundreds of detainees were released and transferred to other countries during the Bush administration; and several others during the Obama administration. Despite President Obama's commitment to close the infamous Guantánamo Bay facility, opposition in Congress has not given way to that closure.
"By clicking OK or using this website, you agree to the use of cookies. Your personal data will be governed by the Privacy Policy and Terms." On January 11, 2002, exactly four months after the attacks of September 11, 2001, the United States established a high-security prison at its Guantánamo base.
Since then, "Gitmo" has held up to 780 detainees, prisoners of the so-called "war on terror". Today there are 39 left.
Guantanamo Bay Detention Camp
In this Feb. 2, 2002 photo, Afghan detainees sit in their cells at Camp X-Ray at the U.S. Naval Base in Guantanamo Bay, Cuba [File: Lynne Sladky/AP Photo]
Established during the presidency of George W Bush, the offshore prison was intended to hold suspected Al Qaeda members captured during the 2001 invasion of Afghanistan.
So far, of the 780 arrested, 732 have been released without charge, many after being detained for more than a decade without legal means to challenge their arrests.
Located on the eastern tip of Cuba, Guantánamo Naval Base is 116 square kilometers (45 square miles) and has been under US control since the late 19th century.
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The base is a hotly debated issue between the United States and Cuba. For decades, Cuba has insisted that the United States return the territory it took by force in 1898 and then definitively leased to the government of Tomas Estrada Palma, Cuba's first president, in 1903.
Initially created as a temporary detention center called "Camp X-Ray" in 2002, the prison complex now consists of seven prison camps labeled according to the order in which they were built. According to the US military, all remaining detainees are in camps five and six.
Since January 11, 2002, at least 780 detainees from 48 countries have been held at Guantánamo Bay. Only 16 have been charged with criminal offenses, according to Human Rights Watch.
Countries with the highest number of detainees include: Afghanistan (219), Saudi Arabia (134), Yemen (115), Pakistan (72) and Algeria (23) according to the New Guantanamo Docket Tracker York Times.
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The youngest detainee was 15-year-old Omar Khadr, a Canadian citizen who was released in 2015 after 13 years in prison.
In 2017, the Canadian government paid Khadr a settlement of C$10.5 million ($8.1 million) and formally apologized for any role the government played in the abuse he suffered as a prisoner at Guantanamo Bay.
The oldest prisoner still in custody is 73-year-old Saifullah Paracha, a Pakistani national who has spent the past 17 years in prison without charge.
In May, the United States approved Paracha's release, concluding only that he was not a "continuing threat" to the United States. Paracha could return home in the coming months, according to his lawyer.
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Since 2002, 732 Guantánamo detainees have been sent home or to other countries through prisoner transfer agreements. There are still 39 arrested. Nine died in prison.
The countries that received the largest number of detainees are: Afghanistan (203), Saudi Arabia (140), Pakistan (63), Oman (30) and the United Arab Emirates (24) according to the Guantanamo Docket.
Of the 39 remaining detainees, 17 are being held indefinitely without recommendation for transfer, 10 are eligible for transfer if security conditions are met, 10 have been indicted by the US military, and two have been convicted.
With four presidencies and almost 20 years, the world's most famous detention center has become a symbol of human rights abuses.
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Several international human rights groups, including HRW, Amnesty International and the International Committee of the Red Cross, have repeatedly condemned the alleged human rights violations, including harsh interrogation methods that critics say amount to torture.
In 2006, UN Secretary-General Kofi Annan said the US should close the Guantanamo Bay prison as soon as possible, upholding a key finding by an independent panel appointed by the UN.
During his presidency, George W Bush said he would like to see Guantanamo closed, but that it would not be easy.
His successor, Barack Obama, promised to close the Guantánamo detention center and on his second day in office signed an executive order to close it within a year. This never happened.
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In 2018, former President Donald Trump vowed to keep the prison open and signed his own executive order to reverse Obama's order.
President Joe Biden renewed the Obama administration's effort to close the prison. In July 2021, Moroccan prisoner Abdul Latif Nasser became the first detainee transferred under the Biden administration. He has been detained by the United States since 2002 without being charged.
About 540 detainees were released during the Bush presidency (2001-2009), about 200 during the Obama administration (2009-2017), one during the Trump presidency (2017-2021), and one during the current Biden presidency.
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