Russian Tank Autoloader - If you look at the most popular tank designs in the world, two clear design philosophies emerge. The first is seen in the Abrams and Leopard 2, which stores the munitions in the turret boom in a protected bunker where the energy of the explosion is directed away from the crew when hit. The second philosophy is shown by the Russian T series tanks, which mainly store weapons around and under the turret in a carousel to be loaded by the tank's autoloader.
The use of an autoloader in T-series tanks allows the size of the tank's crew to be reduced to three (for better or worse) and more reinforcement of weapons due to the reduction of the internal volume that needs to be carved. However, placing ammo around the turret in the carousel can lead to a dangerous situation if the tank is hit and the ammo is hit.
Russian Tank Autoloader
In addition, some tanks use a busy autoloader that can take advantage of the best features of each philosophy. But why are these designs unusual? Will we see it become more popular in the future?
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The four main production tanks currently use busy autoloaders. The French Leclerc, the Japanese Type 90 and Type 10, and the Korean K2 Black Panther use fixed autoloaders. Busy autoloaders are also seen in artillery, but then they are used mainly for speed and not for the advantages they can give to tanks.
Leclerc's autoloader loads a round from a twenty-two-round cartridge into the turret. The armory separates the weapons from the crew compartment. The charge goes through a small hole that only opens momentarily during charging, as seen in this video. The circular cassettes have 22 round playing panels. The K2, Type 90, and Type 10 are also very similar to the Leclerc in autoloader placement and design, with minor changes in the way the charge is transferred between the magazine pin and the weapon's breech.
The Soviets even experimented with a hybrid bustle/carousel system in some versions. In this picture we can see how the unexploded sabots are arranged in the carousel, with the explosive propellant kept in motion by the explosion panels. The advantage of this design - in contrast to the previously mentioned fully-engaged autoloaders - is the reduction of the dimensions of the tower, since the tank charge does not have to be stored in the bus.
This leads to one of the biggest disadvantages of a busy autoloader. Although this is a safe place to store ammunition, the high movement of the gun limits the turret's safe maneuvering angles. In addition, the longer movement increases the size of the target ammo supply when the turret rotates.
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However, this was not accepted by Armata, which also has a different approach. It maintains the use of the carousel autoloader, but separates the crew from the weapons and places them in a heavily armored pod in the fuselage. This allows the Armata to maintain the possibility of producing weapons as a small target while increasing the safety of the personnel.
But perhaps the main reason the engagement autoloader is not so popular in the west is that the theory does not work with the Leopard and Abrams. Both tanks are designed for a crew of four, the fourth being the carrier. The American and German doctrine supports the use of the fourth man to facilitate the maintenance and repair of the field. In practice, the people carriers in the Leopards and Abrams were able to match the carousel and the busy loading car.
However, when the gun of the tank is increased, up to the theoretical 140 millimeters or 152 millimeters, the human carrier begins to fall behind the machines. If tanks are equipped with these calibers, we will see busy autoloaders implemented on future versions of the Abrams.
This idea has been tested before, with various designs including two large 18-round cartridges in an Abrams turret boom in a program called FASTDRAW. This design would probably save the fourth man, although it would still retain the negative lowering of the tank for safe maneuvering angles, although this disadvantage would not be greater than with the usual Abrams.
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Charlie Gao holds degrees in political science and computer science from Grinnell College and is a frequent speaker on defense and national security. Mamerto Adan is a film writer who is back in college. Science is one of his favorite subjects.
When main battle tanks first appeared in World War I, military protection was one of their main selling points. He rolled onto the battlefield, wearing armor, to stop the artillery that was scattering the marching army behind. Over time, tanks will evolve in terms of mobility, defense and firepower. Modern tank equipment can stop many projects, but its defense is not absolute. Tanks are often made of metal boxes, especially when the armor has failed. Other projects were developed to counter such defenses, and over time it became a constant exchange between weapons and anti-weapons.
Russian tanks were no joke, as was their driving ability. See what happened to Nazi Germany during the great tank battle of Kursk. But the performance of the Russian tank division in the Ukraine was in stark contrast to their spectacular destruction of some advanced tanks. Arrogance and bad planning, brutal defense of Ukraine and the tank itself is behind everything.
The year 2022 started with an unpleasant surprise. Russia has just sent its troops to conquer Ukraine. The Kremlin thought they were driving the Nazis out of Ukraine and that it was a "special project" to liberate that country. However, the first phase of the attack never went as planned and Russia sent in powerful cavalry.
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It was Monday, February 28, 2022, when a large group of weapons was seen through satellite images. From Belarus, he crossed the Ukrainian border and headed for Kiev, a 40-mile long march that involved 15,000 soldiers. It included wagons, artillery and guns.
Battle-tested tanks have been coming from Russia, although most are recycled Soviet-era units. One of them is the T-72, which was widely used not only in Ukraine, but also in previous conflicts. This heavily armored tank has steel and composite armor, is equipped with an ERA and uses an autoloader in its turret. The other tanks installed are the more advanced T-90.
Mobile anti-aircraft defenses were deployed to protect the convoy from air threats. However, despite its growth and strength, this conveyor failed miserably in its mission. The cars were wrecked as the dead people got on board. The Russians eventually left Kyiv alone to focus their forces elsewhere, with the Kiev convoy becoming a symbol of the Kremlin's futile efforts.
The first sign of failure came when a large group of Russians turned into a huge traffic jam in Kiev. About 30 kilometers from Kyiv it stopped for eight days. Apparently the convoy suffered from lack of food and fuel when the vehicles got stuck in the mud. The vehicles themselves were not well looked after and the whole convoy was not well managed. It was combined with the fierce attack of Ukraine and the result was a disaster.
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The Russians sent back their upgraded Soviet-era tanks, hoping to force Kyiv to surrender. However, the result was something other than the burning of their cars which were said to be terrible. Top news and social media often show these charred remains of tanks and exploded turrets. There have also been videos of these tanks exploding and their turrets flying into the air. The man-portable anti-tank weapons and the tenacity of the Ukrainian army did a good job of destroying this threat. So much so that weapons like spears have become a respected symbol of Ukrainian resistance. But as the experts said. The way the tanks exploded shows the problem that the Russians have not been able to solve.
Back in the Gulf War, the Iraqis under Saddam Hussein deployed their Soviet tank units against coalition forces. And Abram did short work for them. It can be seen that the turrets often fly away when the tank explodes. And immediately after the Russian invasion of Ukraine, the same thing happened. There was a "jack in the box" effect with the turrets coming out of the explosion.
Russian tank models such as the T-72 have a smaller and lower profile than their Western counterparts. Because there are few personnel inside their turrets, they have autoloaders that do the gun work.
As the name suggests, the use of self-loading devices eliminates the need for a crew member to load the ammunition into the main weapon. Everything is done mechanically, so no extra hand is needed to feed the weapon. And with a smaller unit it means more space and less weight. Fewer crews also means two smaller tanks, so it gives less on target to hit.
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The Russian T series autoloaders look good on paper, but they have one fatal flaw. And that's the armory. Live animals are kept in a carousel set up in the turret and close to the workers.
In the west there were automatic loaders
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